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A universal theory of human phonology should be
clearly specified and falsifiable. To turn Optimality Theory (OT)
into a complete proposal for phonological UG, one must put some
cards on the table: What kinds of constraints may an OT grammar
state? And how can anyone tell what data this grammar predicts,
without constructing infinite tableaux? In this talk I'll motivate
a restrictive formalization of OT that allows just two types of
simple, local constraint. Gen freely proposes gestures and prosodic
constituents; the constraints try to force these to coincide or
not coincide temporally. An efficient algorithm exists to find the
optimal candidate. I will argue that despite its simplicity, primitive
OT is expressive enough to describe and unify most of the work in
OT phonology. However, it is provably more constrained: because
it is unable to mimic deeply non-local mechanisms like Generalized
Alignment, it forces a new and arguably better account of metrical
stress typology. Finally, I will sketch a more radical extension,
directional evaluation, which changes how a constraint ranks candidates.
This change brings back some of the descriptive convenience of Generalized
Alignment, but it also constrains OT grammars to describe only regular
relations, which is linguistically and computationally desirable.
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